GRC Professional Titles | Security Titles

Risk Analyst

Professionals who identify, assess, and quantify security risks to enable informed business decisions. Focus on risk assessments, risk register management, third-party risk management, risk quantification, and translating technical risks into business impact. Enable the business by providing clear risk information that supports decision-making rather than creating bureaucratic obstacles. Work closely with security engineering (who implements controls) and internal audit (who validates independently).

Attribute	Analyst 1 / Entry	Analyst 2 / Junior	Analyst 3 / Mid	Analyst 4 / Senior / Lead	Analyst 5 / Staff	Analyst 6 / Senior Staff	Analyst 7 / Principal
General Description	Entry-level risk analyst learning risk assessment fundamentals and risk management frameworks. Assists with risk assessments, risk register maintenance, and documentation. Develops foundational understanding of risk identification, risk scoring methodologies, and how risk informs security decisions.	Junior risk analyst capable of independently conducting routine risk assessments and managing portions of the risk register. Demonstrates proficiency in risk scoring and can facilitate basic risk discussions with stakeholders. Begins conducting third-party risk assessments and contributes to risk reporting.	Experienced risk analyst who independently leads comprehensive risk assessments and manages significant portions of the enterprise risk program. Expert at translating technical risks into business impact. Leads third-party risk management activities and develops risk quantification approaches. Mentors junior analysts and shapes risk assessment methodology.	Senior risk analyst and team leader who defines enterprise risk management strategy. Expert at risk quantification and communicating risk in business terms to executives and board. Leads the most complex and sensitive risk assessments. Builds risk programs that enable the business by providing clear, actionable risk information rather than creating bureaucratic obstacles.	Distinguished risk professional who shapes organizational and industry approaches to security risk management. Recognized externally as thought leader in risk quantification, enterprise risk management, or specific risk domains. Drives innovation in how organizations understand and communicate security risk.	Elite risk professional with industry-defining influence in security risk management. Operates at the intersection of deep risk expertise and organizational strategy. Shapes not only practice direction but how the industry approaches security risk quantification and communication.	Legendary practitioner at the pinnacle of security risk management expertise. Globally recognized authority who defines how the industry approaches risk quantification, communication, and management. May have created foundational risk frameworks used industry-wide.
Primary Responsibilities	Assist with risk assessment activities Help maintain risk registers and documentation Learn risk assessment methodologies and frameworks Support third-party risk questionnaire processing Document risk findings and recommendations Track risk remediation activities Learn security control frameworks Shadow senior analysts on risk assessments Assist with risk reporting preparation	Conduct routine risk assessments independently Manage assigned sections of risk register Perform third-party risk assessments Facilitate basic risk discussions with stakeholders Develop risk reports and dashboards Track and report on risk remediation Support risk acceptance documentation Contribute to risk assessment methodology Coordinate with control owners on risk treatments Assist with vendor security reviews	Lead comprehensive risk assessments Manage enterprise risk register Develop risk quantification methodologies Lead third-party risk management program Present risk posture to leadership Mentor junior risk analysts Develop and refine risk assessment methodology Coordinate risk treatment planning Lead M&A security risk assessments Build risk metrics and KRIs Facilitate risk committee meetings	Define enterprise risk management strategy Lead complex and sensitive risk assessments Present risk posture to executives and board Build and mature enterprise risk program Mentor and develop risk analyst team Develop advanced risk quantification capabilities Lead strategic third-party risk decisions Coordinate with internal audit on risk matters Evaluate and select risk management tools Drive risk-informed security investment Contribute to industry risk practices	Define multi-year risk management vision Lead industry-impacting risk research Build strategic risk partnerships Develop next-generation risk capabilities Represent organization at highest levels Guide investments in risk management Shape industry risk practices Advise executive leadership on risk strategy Lead organizational risk transformation	Set multi-year vision for enterprise risk management Lead transformational methodology development Build strategic industry alliances Influence regulatory and standards frameworks Develop next-generation risk approaches Guide organizational strategy alongside executives Represent organization as premier risk authority	Define industry direction for risk management Lead transformational initiatives Serve as ultimate risk authority Shape regulatory and standards frameworks Build generational methodologies Guide organizational transformation Represent organization globally
Required Skills	Understanding of basic risk concepts Familiarity with risk assessment methodologies Basic knowledge of security control frameworks Documentation and organization skills Analytical thinking Excel/spreadsheet proficiency Communication skills	Risk assessment methodology proficiency Risk register management Third-party risk assessment Stakeholder communication Risk scoring and prioritization Security control framework knowledge Risk reporting and visualization Business impact analysis basics	Advanced risk assessment and quantification Enterprise risk management Third-party risk program management Executive communication Risk framework expertise (FAIR, NIST RMF) Business impact quantification Cross-functional collaboration Risk metrics and reporting	Enterprise risk management leadership Advanced risk quantification (FAIR, etc.) Board and executive communication Team leadership and development Strategic program development Vendor and tool evaluation Cross-functional influence Business strategy alignment	World-class risk management expertise Strategic practice leadership Executive and board presence Industry-wide recognition Innovation and methodology development Cross-functional leadership	Elite risk management expertise Transformational leadership Board-level communication Industry-shaping influence Business strategy expertise Innovation leadership	Globally recognized expertise Transformational vision Executive and regulatory influence Industry-defining thought leadership
Preferred Skills	Exposure to GRC tools Basic understanding of NIST CSF or ISO 27001 Business or finance background IT or security operations exposure Project management basics	GRC platform experience Multiple framework knowledge Quantitative risk analysis exposure Vendor management experience Industry-specific regulations	FAIR certification Industry-specific risk expertise M&A due diligence experience Board reporting experience Risk technology implementation	Published risk research or frameworks Board presentation experience M&A leadership experience Industry working group participation Risk technology innovation	Published risk frameworks or research Industry standards contributions Regulatory advisory relationships Academic affiliations	Major framework creator Regulatory advisory roles Published books on risk Academic appointments	Founded major risk frameworks Regulatory advisory at highest levels Major industry awards Academic distinguished appointments
Mentorship Requirements	Receives direct mentorship from Senior risk analysts. Shadows on risk assessments and stakeholder discussions. Expected to complete risk management training and achieve foundational certification within first year. Learns the business context that makes risk assessment meaningful.	Receives guidance from Senior analysts on complex assessments. Expected to begin mentoring Entry-level analysts informally. Contributes to methodology documentation. Should be developing expertise in specific risk domains or industries.	Primary mentor for Junior and Entry analysts. Leads training on risk methodologies. Expected to develop team procedures and standards. Establishes reputation as expert in specific risk domains.	Primary mentor for Mid and Junior analysts. Responsible for team career development. Creates risk management training programs. Industry mentorship through community engagement. Shapes organizational risk practices.	Mentors Senior analysts and emerging leaders. Shapes organizational risk talent strategy. Industry-level mentorship through community engagement. Develops thought leaders in risk management.	Develops organizational leadership pipeline. Mentors future industry leaders. Legacy-building through lasting contributions to risk management.	Develops organizational and industry leadership. Legacy-building through generational impact. May sponsor risk research initiatives.
Impact Scope	Individual contributor on assigned risk tasks. Impact limited to supporting assessment activities. Work is reviewed before communication to stakeholders. Supports overall risk management coverage.	Directly contributes to organizational risk visibility. Responsible for accurate risk assessments. Risk information influences security priorities. Beginning to influence risk management practices.	Shapes organizational risk understanding. Risk assessments directly influence security investment and business decisions. Third-party risk program protects organization from vendor risks. Risk quantification enables informed decision-making.	Defines risk management capabilities and strategy. Risk program effectiveness directly impacts business decision quality. Team development impacts GRC maturity. Executive relationships enable risk-informed investment.	Industry and organizational transformation. Shapes how security risk is understood and communicated. Multi-year strategic outcomes. Influences risk management practices industry-wide.	Industry-defining impact. Organizational differentiation through risk capabilities. Multi-year transformation. Shapes how risk is practiced globally.	Global industry impact. Defines how risk is practiced worldwide. Shapes regulatory approaches. Creates lasting contributions.
Autonomy & Decision Authority	Works under close supervision. Follows established risk assessment procedures. Limited authority to make risk judgments independently. Escalates risk findings and questions to senior analysts.	Works with moderate supervision. Can make routine risk assessment decisions. Authority to conduct standard assessments. Escalates complex risks and risk acceptance decisions.	Works independently with strategic guidance. Makes significant risk assessment decisions. Authority over risk methodology and third-party assessments. Consulted on risk acceptance decisions.	High autonomy with strategic alignment. Makes significant program and risk decisions. Authority over risk standards and methodology. Trusted to advise on risk acceptance at highest levels.	Near-complete autonomy over domain. Strategic influence on organizational direction. Shapes investment priorities. Makes decisions with significant organizational impact.	Full autonomy over strategic domain. Executive-level authority. Significant influence on organizational direction.	Complete strategic autonomy. Shapes organizational and industry direction.
Communication & Stakeholders	Primarily internal communication with GRC team. Documents findings and tracks items. Limited direct interaction with business stakeholders initially.	Regular interaction with control owners and business units. Presents risk findings to technical audiences. Coordinates with vendors on security assessments.	Regular communication with security and business leadership. Presents to executive stakeholders. Primary risk contact for business units. Coordinates with internal audit on risk matters.	Executive and board-level communication on risk. Represents risk function to organizational leadership. Builds relationships with industry peers. May engage with regulators on risk matters.	C-suite and board engagement. Industry-wide influence through publications. Regulatory and standards body relationships. Media engagement on risk topics.	Peer engagement with executives and boards. Industry-defining thought leadership. Regulatory engagement. Media presence.	Global presence. Regulatory and government engagement. Media thought leadership. Premier industry venues.
Degree / Experience	Bachelor's degree in Business, Finance, Information Systems, Cybersecurity, or related field, OR 1-2 years of IT, security, or business operations experience.	Bachelor's degree in relevant field, OR 2-4 years of risk management, security, or business operations experience. Demonstrated ability to conduct risk assessments.	Bachelor's degree in relevant field, OR 4-6 years of risk management experience. Demonstrated track record of leading risk programs. May have Master's degree or MBA with less experience.	Bachelor's or Master's degree in relevant field, OR 6-10 years of risk management experience. Demonstrated program leadership and board-level communication. MBA valued.	Advanced degree often expected, OR 10+ years of elite risk management experience with demonstrated industry impact. Recognition is essential qualification.	Advanced degree often present, but recognition is primary qualification. 12+ years of elite experience with transformational impact.	Recognition is primary qualification. 15+ years with transformational impact. May be pioneers of risk management discipline.
Certifications	CompTIA Security+ CRISC (in progress) ISO 27001 Foundation NIST CSF awareness training	CRISC ISO 27001 Lead Implementer CISA (helpful) Vendor-specific GRC certifications	CRISC FAIR Certified CISM or CISSP Industry certifications as relevant	CRISC, CISM, or CISSP FAIR Certified Industry recognition often substitutes Executive education programs	Certifications secondary to demonstrated expertise May be framework contributors Industry awards and recognition	Certifications irrelevant at this level Known by reputation and body of work	Certifications irrelevant at this level Known by reputation and legacy
Salary: US Gov't	$55,000 - $75,000 (GS-7 to GS-9)	$70,000 - $95,000 (GS-9 to GS-11)	$90,000 - $120,000 (GS-11 to GS-13)	$115,000 - $150,000 (GS-13 to GS-14)	$140,000 - $175,000 (GS-15 / SES equivalent)	$165,000 - $210,000 (Senior SES equivalent)	$185,000 - $240,000+ (Senior SES equivalent)
Salary: US Startup	$60,000 - $85,000	$80,000 - $110,000	$105,000 - $145,000	$140,000 - $190,000 + equity	$175,000 - $240,000 + significant equity	$215,000 - $295,000 + major equity	$260,000 - $370,000+ + founder-level equity
Salary: US Corporate	$58,000 - $80,000	$75,000 - $105,000	$100,000 - $135,000	$130,000 - $175,000	$165,000 - $225,000	$200,000 - $270,000	$245,000 - $330,000+

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Compliance Analyst

Professionals who ensure organizational adherence to security frameworks, regulations, and standards. Focus on framework implementation, audit coordination, evidence management, control monitoring, and continuous compliance. Bridge technical security controls and audit/regulatory requirements. Enable the business by finding ways to achieve compliance efficiently rather than creating bureaucratic burden. Work hand-in-hand with internal audit who provides independent validation.

Attribute	Analyst 1 / Entry	Analyst 2 / Junior	Analyst 3 / Mid	Analyst 4 / Senior / Lead	Analyst 5 / Staff	Analyst 6 / Senior Staff	Analyst 7 / Principal
General Description	Entry-level compliance analyst learning compliance frameworks and audit processes. Assists with evidence collection, control documentation, and audit preparation. Develops foundational understanding of security frameworks (SOC 2, ISO 27001, etc.) and how compliance programs operate.	Junior compliance analyst capable of independently managing evidence collection and supporting audit activities. Demonstrates proficiency in 1-2 frameworks and can coordinate with control owners. Begins conducting control assessments and contributes to compliance monitoring.	Experienced compliance analyst who independently manages compliance programs and leads audit coordination. Expert in 2-3 frameworks with working knowledge of several others. Can map controls across frameworks to reduce duplicate effort. Leads gap assessments and drives remediation. Mentors junior analysts and shapes compliance methodology.	Senior compliance analyst and team leader who defines enterprise compliance strategy. Expert across multiple frameworks with deep regulatory knowledge. Leads the most complex compliance initiatives including new framework implementations and regulatory examinations. Builds compliance programs that enable business growth by achieving compliance efficiently.	Distinguished compliance professional who shapes organizational and industry compliance approaches. Recognized externally as thought leader in security compliance, regulatory matters, or specific frameworks. Drives innovation in continuous compliance and compliance automation.	Elite compliance professional with industry-defining influence. Operates at the intersection of deep compliance expertise and organizational strategy. Shapes regulatory frameworks and industry compliance standards.	Legendary practitioner at the pinnacle of security compliance expertise. Globally recognized authority who shapes regulatory frameworks and compliance standards. May have helped create major compliance frameworks.
Primary Responsibilities	Assist with evidence collection for audits Help maintain compliance documentation Learn security frameworks and control requirements Support audit preparation activities Track compliance tasks and deadlines Document control implementations Assist with policy documentation Shadow senior analysts on audit activities Help maintain compliance calendars	Manage evidence collection for assigned controls Coordinate with control owners on compliance Conduct basic control assessments Support audit fieldwork and inquiries Maintain compliance documentation Track and report compliance status Develop compliance procedures Map controls across frameworks Monitor control effectiveness Assist with gap assessments	Manage compliance programs for assigned frameworks Lead audit coordination and management Conduct comprehensive gap assessments Map controls across multiple frameworks Drive compliance remediation efforts Mentor junior compliance analysts Develop continuous compliance capabilities Present compliance status to leadership Lead framework implementation projects Build compliance metrics and dashboards Coordinate with internal audit	Define enterprise compliance strategy Lead complex compliance initiatives Manage regulatory examination relationships Build continuous compliance programs Mentor and develop compliance team Present compliance posture to executives and board Drive compliance automation initiatives Coordinate across GRC functions Evaluate and select compliance tools Lead new framework implementations Shape industry compliance practices	Define multi-year compliance vision Lead industry-impacting compliance initiatives Build strategic regulatory relationships Develop next-generation compliance capabilities Represent organization at highest levels Guide investments in compliance Shape industry compliance practices Advise executive leadership on compliance strategy	Set multi-year vision for enterprise compliance Lead transformational compliance initiatives Influence regulatory frameworks Build strategic industry alliances Guide organizational strategy Represent organization as premier compliance authority	Define industry direction for compliance Lead transformational initiatives Shape regulatory frameworks globally Build generational compliance approaches Represent organization at highest levels globally
Required Skills	Understanding of basic compliance concepts Familiarity with common frameworks (SOC 2, ISO 27001) Documentation and organization skills Attention to detail Basic project management Communication skills Excel/spreadsheet proficiency	Proficiency in 1-2 compliance frameworks Evidence collection and management Control assessment basics Audit coordination Stakeholder communication Compliance monitoring Control mapping Documentation standards	Expert in 2-3 compliance frameworks Audit management and coordination Cross-framework control mapping Gap assessment and remediation Executive communication Continuous compliance approaches Compliance metrics and reporting Cross-functional collaboration	Multi-framework expertise Regulatory examination management Executive and board communication Team leadership and development Strategic program development Compliance automation strategy Cross-functional influence Vendor and tool evaluation	World-class compliance expertise Strategic practice leadership Executive and board presence Industry-wide recognition Regulatory relationship expertise Innovation leadership	Elite compliance expertise Transformational leadership Board-level communication Regulatory influence Innovation leadership	Globally recognized expertise Transformational vision Regulatory and government influence Industry-defining thought leadership
Preferred Skills	Exposure to GRC tools IT or security operations background Audit experience Industry-specific regulation exposure Process documentation experience	GRC platform experience Multiple framework exposure Automation experience Industry-specific regulations Technical control understanding	Compliance automation experience Multi-framework certifications Regulatory expertise FedRAMP or government compliance International compliance (GDPR coordination)	Regulatory advisory relationships Published compliance guidance Industry working group participation International compliance experience Compliance technology innovation	Regulatory advisory roles Framework development participation Published compliance research Academic affiliations	Regulatory framework contributions Published books on compliance Academic appointments	Created major compliance frameworks Regulatory advisory at highest levels Major industry awards
Mentorship Requirements	Receives direct mentorship from Senior compliance analysts. Shadows on audits and control assessments. Expected to complete framework training within first year. Learns how compliance enables business rather than blocking it.	Receives guidance from Senior analysts on complex compliance matters. Expected to begin mentoring Entry-level analysts. Contributes to procedure documentation. Should be developing deep expertise in specific frameworks.	Primary mentor for Junior and Entry analysts. Leads training on frameworks and audit processes. Expected to develop team procedures and standards. Establishes reputation as expert in specific frameworks or industries.	Primary mentor for Mid and Junior analysts. Responsible for team career development. Creates compliance training programs. Industry mentorship through community engagement. Shapes organizational compliance practices.	Mentors Senior analysts and emerging leaders. Shapes organizational compliance talent strategy. Industry-level mentorship. Develops thought leaders in compliance.	Develops organizational leadership pipeline. Mentors future industry leaders. Legacy-building through lasting contributions.	Develops organizational and industry leadership. Legacy-building through generational impact.
Impact Scope	Individual contributor on assigned compliance tasks. Impact limited to supporting audit and documentation activities. Work is reviewed before submission. Supports overall compliance coverage.	Directly contributes to audit success. Responsible for accurate evidence and documentation. Control assessments identify gaps before audits. Beginning to influence compliance practices.	Shapes organizational compliance posture. Successful audits directly impact business (customer trust, contracts). Control mapping reduces compliance burden. Gap assessments prevent audit failures.	Defines compliance capabilities and strategy. Compliance program enables business growth and customer trust. Team development impacts GRC maturity. Regulatory relationships protect organization.	Industry and organizational transformation. Shapes how compliance is practiced. Multi-year strategic outcomes. Influences regulatory and framework development.	Industry-defining impact. Shapes regulatory approaches. Multi-year transformation.	Global industry impact. Shapes regulatory approaches worldwide.
Autonomy & Decision Authority	Works under close supervision. Follows established compliance procedures. Limited authority to make compliance judgments. Escalates questions to senior analysts.	Works with moderate supervision. Can make routine compliance decisions. Authority to manage evidence collection. Escalates control gaps and audit findings interpretation.	Works independently with strategic guidance. Makes significant compliance decisions. Authority over compliance methodology and evidence standards. Consulted on control implementation approaches.	High autonomy with strategic alignment. Makes significant program decisions. Authority over compliance standards and methodology. Trusted to manage regulatory relationships.	Near-complete autonomy over domain. Strategic influence on organizational direction. Shapes investment priorities.	Full autonomy over strategic domain. Executive-level authority.	Complete strategic autonomy. Shapes organizational and regulatory direction.
Communication & Stakeholders	Primarily internal communication with GRC team. Documents evidence and findings. Limited direct interaction with auditors initially.	Regular interaction with control owners and auditors. Coordinates evidence requests. Participates in audit meetings.	Regular communication with security and business leadership. Presents to executives on compliance status. Primary contact for external auditors. Coordinates with legal on regulatory matters.	Executive and board-level communication. Represents compliance to organizational leadership. Manages auditor and regulator relationships. Industry forum participation.	C-suite and board engagement. Industry-wide influence. Regulatory relationships. Media engagement on compliance topics.	Peer engagement with executives and boards. Regulatory leadership. Media presence.	Global presence. Regulatory engagement at highest levels. Premier industry venues.
Degree / Experience	Bachelor's degree in Business, Information Systems, Cybersecurity, or related field, OR 1-2 years of IT, security, or audit experience.	Bachelor's degree in relevant field, OR 2-4 years of compliance, audit, or security experience. Demonstrated ability to manage compliance activities.	Bachelor's degree in relevant field, OR 4-6 years of compliance or audit experience. Demonstrated track record of successful audits. May have Master's degree with less experience.	Bachelor's or Master's degree in relevant field, OR 6-10 years of compliance experience. Demonstrated program leadership and regulatory experience.	Advanced degree often expected, OR 10+ years of elite compliance experience with demonstrated industry impact.	Advanced degree often present, but recognition is primary qualification. 12+ years of elite experience.	Recognition is primary qualification. 15+ years with transformational impact.
Certifications	CompTIA Security+ ISO 27001 Foundation SOC 2 awareness training CISA (in progress)	ISO 27001 Lead Implementer or Lead Auditor CISA SOC 2 certification PCI-DSS training (if relevant)	CISA Multiple framework certifications CISM or CISSP Industry-specific certifications	CISA, CISM, or CISSP Multiple framework certifications Industry recognition often substitutes Regulatory certifications as relevant	Certifications secondary to demonstrated expertise May be framework contributors Industry awards and recognition	Certifications irrelevant at this level Known by reputation and body of work	Certifications irrelevant at this level Known by reputation and legacy
Salary: US Gov't	$55,000 - $75,000 (GS-7 to GS-9)	$70,000 - $95,000 (GS-9 to GS-11)	$90,000 - $120,000 (GS-11 to GS-13)	$115,000 - $150,000 (GS-13 to GS-14)	$140,000 - $175,000 (GS-15 / SES equivalent)	$165,000 - $210,000 (Senior SES equivalent)	$185,000 - $240,000+ (Senior SES equivalent)
Salary: US Startup	$60,000 - $85,000	$80,000 - $110,000	$105,000 - $145,000	$140,000 - $190,000 + equity	$175,000 - $240,000 + significant equity	$215,000 - $295,000 + major equity	$260,000 - $370,000+ + founder-level equity
Salary: US Corporate	$58,000 - $80,000	$75,000 - $105,000	$100,000 - $135,000	$130,000 - $175,000	$165,000 - $225,000	$200,000 - $270,000	$245,000 - $330,000+

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Governance Analyst

Professionals who develop and maintain security governance structures including policies, standards, procedures, and governance committees. Focus on security policy development, standards management, governance framework implementation, and ensuring security is integrated into organizational decision-making. Enable the business by creating clear, practical governance that guides rather than constrains.

Attribute	Analyst 1 / Entry	Analyst 2 / Junior	Analyst 3 / Mid	Analyst 4 / Senior / Lead	Analyst 5 / Staff	Analyst 6 / Senior Staff	Analyst 7 / Principal
General Description	Entry-level governance analyst learning security policy development and governance fundamentals. Assists with policy documentation, standards maintenance, and governance meeting support. Develops foundational understanding of security governance frameworks and how policies translate into operational practices.	Junior governance analyst capable of independently drafting policies and standards with guidance on complex matters. Demonstrates proficiency in policy development lifecycle and can coordinate policy reviews. Begins managing policy exception processes and contributes to governance reporting.	Experienced governance analyst who independently manages security governance programs. Expert in policy development and governance framework implementation. Leads governance committee operations and drives governance maturity. Mentors junior analysts and shapes governance methodology. Creates practical governance that guides decision-making without bureaucratic burden.	Senior governance analyst and team leader who defines enterprise security governance strategy. Expert in governance frameworks with deep understanding of how governance enables business objectives. Leads governance transformation initiatives and advises executive leadership on governance matters. Builds governance structures that integrate security into organizational decision-making.	Distinguished governance professional who shapes organizational and industry approaches to security governance. Recognized externally as thought leader in governance frameworks, policy development, or governance integration.	Elite governance professional with industry-defining influence. Shapes governance frameworks and industry standards.	Legendary practitioner at the pinnacle of security governance expertise. Globally recognized authority who shapes governance frameworks and standards worldwide.
Primary Responsibilities	Assist with policy and standards documentation Help maintain governance document library Learn security governance frameworks Support governance committee meetings Track policy review and approval workflows Document governance decisions Assist with policy communication Shadow senior analysts on governance activities Help maintain policy exception tracking	Draft security policies and standards Coordinate policy review and approval Manage policy exception requests Support governance committee operations Develop governance metrics and reporting Maintain policy document management Communicate policy changes Map policies to control frameworks Track governance action items Assist with governance assessments	Manage security governance program Lead policy and standards development Operate governance committees Drive governance framework maturity Mentor junior governance analysts Present governance status to leadership Develop governance metrics program Lead governance assessments Coordinate cross-functional governance Manage policy exception escalations Build governance training programs	Define enterprise governance strategy Lead governance transformation initiatives Advise executives on governance matters Build governance operating model Mentor and develop governance team Present governance to board and executives Coordinate enterprise-wide governance Drive governance automation Lead governance framework implementations Shape industry governance practices Evaluate governance tools and approaches	Define multi-year governance vision Lead industry-impacting governance initiatives Build strategic governance partnerships Develop next-generation governance capabilities Represent organization at highest levels Shape industry governance practices Advise executive leadership on governance strategy	Set multi-year vision for enterprise governance Lead transformational governance initiatives Influence governance standards Guide organizational strategy Represent organization as premier governance authority	Define industry direction for governance Lead transformational initiatives Shape governance standards globally Represent organization at highest levels globally
Required Skills	Understanding of security governance concepts Technical writing and documentation Familiarity with policy structures Organizational skills Communication skills Basic security knowledge Attention to detail	Policy development proficiency Standards and procedure writing Policy lifecycle management Stakeholder coordination Exception management Governance reporting Framework alignment Document management	Governance program management Advanced policy development Committee operation and facilitation Executive communication Governance framework expertise Metrics and reporting Cross-functional coordination Change management	Enterprise governance strategy Governance transformation leadership Board and executive communication Team leadership and development Strategic program development Cross-enterprise coordination Governance automation Change leadership	World-class governance expertise Strategic practice leadership Executive and board presence Industry-wide recognition Innovation leadership	Elite governance expertise Transformational leadership Board-level communication Industry-shaping influence	Globally recognized expertise Transformational vision Industry-defining thought leadership
Preferred Skills	Policy writing experience Legal or compliance background IT or security operations exposure Project management basics GRC tool exposure	GRC platform experience Multiple framework knowledge Change management exposure Training development Legal coordination	COBIT or similar framework expertise Board governance exposure Regulatory governance requirements Enterprise architecture coordination Published governance guidance	Board governance experience Published governance frameworks Industry working groups Regulatory governance expertise M&A governance integration	Published governance frameworks Standards body participation Academic affiliations	Major framework contributions Published books on governance Academic appointments	Created major governance frameworks Government advisory Major industry awards
Mentorship Requirements	Receives direct mentorship from Senior governance analysts. Shadows on policy development and committee meetings. Expected to complete governance training. Learns how effective policies enable rather than constrain business.	Receives guidance from Senior analysts on complex policy matters. Expected to begin mentoring Entry-level analysts. Contributes to governance procedures. Should be developing expertise in specific policy domains.	Primary mentor for Junior and Entry analysts. Leads training on governance practices. Expected to develop team standards. Establishes reputation as governance expert.	Primary mentor for Mid and Junior analysts. Responsible for team career development. Creates governance training programs. Industry mentorship. Shapes organizational governance practices.	Mentors Senior analysts and emerging leaders. Shapes organizational governance talent strategy. Develops thought leaders in governance.	Develops organizational leadership pipeline. Legacy-building through lasting contributions.	Develops organizational and industry leadership. Legacy-building through generational impact.
Impact Scope	Individual contributor on documentation tasks. Impact limited to supporting governance activities. Work is reviewed before publication. Supports overall governance framework.	Directly contributes to governance framework quality. Responsible for accurate policy documentation. Exception management balances security and business needs. Beginning to influence governance practices.	Shapes organizational governance effectiveness. Policy quality enables consistent security practices. Governance committees drive accountability. Framework maturity improves organizational decision-making.	Defines governance capabilities and strategy. Governance program enables organizational accountability. Team development impacts GRC maturity. Executive relationships ensure governance effectiveness.	Industry and organizational transformation. Shapes how governance is practiced. Multi-year strategic outcomes.	Industry-defining impact. Shapes governance practices globally.	Global industry impact. Shapes governance practices worldwide.
Autonomy & Decision Authority	Works under close supervision. Follows established governance procedures. Limited authority to make policy decisions. Escalates questions to senior analysts.	Works with moderate supervision. Can make routine governance decisions. Authority to manage policy workflows. Escalates exception decisions and policy conflicts.	Works independently with strategic guidance. Makes significant governance decisions. Authority over governance methodology and policy standards. Consulted on exception escalations.	High autonomy with strategic alignment. Makes significant program decisions. Authority over governance standards. Trusted to advise on strategic governance matters.	Near-complete autonomy over domain. Strategic influence on organizational direction.	Full autonomy over strategic domain. Executive-level authority.	Complete strategic autonomy.
Communication & Stakeholders	Primarily internal communication with GRC team. Documents governance activities. Limited stakeholder interaction initially.	Regular interaction with policy stakeholders. Coordinates policy reviews. Participates in governance meetings.	Regular communication with security and business leadership. Presents to executives. Primary governance contact. Facilitates governance committees.	Executive and board-level communication. Represents governance to organizational leadership. Facilitates executive governance committees.	C-suite and board engagement. Industry-wide influence. Media engagement.	Peer engagement with executives and boards. Industry-defining thought leadership.	Global presence. Premier industry venues.
Degree / Experience	Bachelor's degree in Business, Information Systems, Cybersecurity, or related field, OR 1-2 years of IT, security, or policy experience.	Bachelor's degree in relevant field, OR 2-4 years of governance, policy, or compliance experience.	Bachelor's degree in relevant field, OR 4-6 years of governance experience. Demonstrated track record of governance program success.	Bachelor's or Master's degree in relevant field, OR 6-10 years of governance experience. Demonstrated program leadership.	Advanced degree often expected, OR 10+ years of elite governance experience with industry impact.	Advanced degree often present, but recognition is primary. 12+ years of elite experience.	Recognition is primary qualification. 15+ years with transformational impact.
Certifications	CompTIA Security+ ISO 27001 Foundation CGEIT (in progress) Policy writing courses	CGEIT ISO 27001 Lead Implementer CISM (helpful) COBIT Foundation	CGEIT CISM or CISSP COBIT certification Industry certifications	CGEIT CISM or CISSP Industry recognition often substitutes Executive education programs	Certifications secondary to demonstrated expertise May be framework contributors	Certifications irrelevant at this level Known by reputation	Certifications irrelevant at this level Known by reputation and legacy
Salary: US Gov't	$55,000 - $75,000 (GS-7 to GS-9)	$70,000 - $95,000 (GS-9 to GS-11)	$90,000 - $120,000 (GS-11 to GS-13)	$115,000 - $150,000 (GS-13 to GS-14)	$140,000 - $175,000 (GS-15 / SES equivalent)	$165,000 - $210,000 (Senior SES equivalent)	$185,000 - $240,000+ (Senior SES equivalent)
Salary: US Startup	$58,000 - $82,000	$78,000 - $108,000	$100,000 - $140,000	$135,000 - $185,000 + equity	$170,000 - $235,000 + significant equity	$210,000 - $290,000 + major equity	$255,000 - $365,000+ + founder-level equity
Salary: US Corporate	$55,000 - $78,000	$72,000 - $100,000	$95,000 - $130,000	$125,000 - $170,000	$160,000 - $220,000	$195,000 - $265,000	$240,000 - $325,000+

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GRC Engineer

Technical professionals who build and maintain GRC infrastructure including platforms, automation, and integrations. Focus on GRC tool administration (ServiceNow GRC, OneTrust, Archer, etc.), evidence collection automation, control validation automation, compliance monitoring dashboards, and integration with security tools. Enable GRC analysts to focus on judgment-intensive work by automating repetitive tasks.

Attribute	Eng 1 / Entry	Eng 2 / Junior	Eng 3 / Mid	Eng 4 / Senior / Lead	Eng 5 / Staff	Eng 6 / Senior Staff	Eng 7 / Principal
General Description	Entry-level GRC engineer learning GRC platform administration and automation fundamentals. Assists with platform configuration, report development, and basic automation. Develops foundational understanding of GRC tools and how they support governance, risk, and compliance activities.	Junior GRC engineer capable of independently managing platform configurations and developing basic automation. Demonstrates proficiency with GRC tools and can build reports and dashboards. Begins developing evidence collection automation and integrations with security tools.	Experienced GRC engineer who independently designs and implements GRC automation and platform solutions. Expert at building evidence collection automation, control validation systems, and compliance monitoring dashboards. Integrates GRC platforms with security tools for continuous compliance. Mentors junior engineers and shapes platform strategy.	Senior GRC engineer and team leader who defines GRC technology strategy. Expert at building enterprise-scale GRC automation and continuous compliance capabilities. Leads GRC platform transformations and evaluates emerging GRC technologies. Enables GRC transformation through technology innovation.	Distinguished GRC engineer who shapes organizational and industry approaches to GRC technology. Recognized externally for technical innovation in GRC platforms, compliance automation, or continuous compliance.	Elite GRC engineer with industry-defining influence in GRC technology. Shapes how the industry builds GRC platforms and automation.	Legendary practitioner at the pinnacle of GRC technology expertise. Globally recognized authority who shapes how GRC technology is built and operated. May have created foundational GRC tools or platforms.
Primary Responsibilities	Assist with GRC platform administration Learn GRC tool configuration and workflows Support report and dashboard development Help maintain platform documentation Assist with user management and access Learn evidence collection processes Shadow senior engineers on integrations Support data quality activities Document platform configurations	Manage GRC platform configurations Develop reports and dashboards Build basic evidence collection automation Create platform integrations Support workflow development Maintain platform health and performance Develop user training materials Build compliance monitoring capabilities Troubleshoot platform issues Document technical designs	Design GRC platform architectures Build advanced evidence collection automation Develop control validation automation Create continuous compliance monitoring Lead platform integration projects Mentor junior GRC engineers Develop GRC API strategies Build compliance dashboards and metrics Optimize platform performance Evaluate new GRC technologies	Define GRC technology strategy Lead enterprise GRC platform initiatives Build continuous compliance capabilities Develop GRC automation frameworks Mentor and develop GRC engineering team Present technology strategy to leadership Evaluate and select GRC platforms Drive compliance as code initiatives Lead GRC technology transformations Build vendor relationships Shape industry GRC technology practices	Define multi-year GRC technology vision Lead industry-impacting GRC technology initiatives Build strategic vendor partnerships Develop next-generation GRC capabilities Represent organization at highest technical levels Shape industry GRC technology practices Advise leadership on GRC technology strategy	Set multi-year vision for enterprise GRC technology Lead transformational GRC technology initiatives Influence industry GRC technology standards Guide organizational strategy Represent organization as premier GRC technology authority	Define industry direction for GRC technology Lead transformational initiatives Shape GRC technology standards globally Represent organization at highest levels globally
Required Skills	Basic understanding of GRC platforms Familiarity with databases and SQL Basic scripting ability Documentation skills Troubleshooting aptitude Understanding of GRC processes Communication skills	GRC platform administration Report and dashboard development Basic automation development API integration SQL and data management Workflow configuration Troubleshooting Documentation	GRC platform architecture Advanced automation development Evidence collection automation Control validation automation API development and integration Data engineering basics Security tool integration Technical leadership	GRC technology strategy Enterprise platform architecture Team leadership and development Executive communication Vendor evaluation and management Continuous compliance design Cross-functional leadership Innovation leadership	World-class GRC technology expertise Strategic technical leadership Executive presence Industry-wide recognition Innovation leadership	Elite GRC technology expertise Transformational technical leadership Executive-level communication Industry-shaping influence	Globally recognized technical expertise Transformational vision Industry-defining thought leadership
Preferred Skills	Experience with specific GRC tools API basics Reporting tool experience ITSM platform exposure Security tool familiarity	Multiple GRC platform experience Python scripting Security tool integration Cloud platform basics Data visualization	Multiple GRC platform expertise Cloud-native development Machine learning basics Compliance as code approaches Published tools or automation	Published GRC tools or frameworks Conference speaking Vendor advisory relationships Open-source GRC contributions Compliance as code thought leadership	Major GRC tool or framework author Published research Vendor advisory roles Industry working groups	Founded major GRC tools Published books on GRC technology Academic appointments	Founded significant GRC platforms Major industry awards Academic distinguished appointments
Mentorship Requirements	Receives direct mentorship from Senior GRC engineers. Shadows on platform development and integrations. Expected to complete platform training and certification. Learns how technology enables effective GRC.	Receives guidance from Senior engineers on complex configurations. Expected to begin mentoring Entry-level engineers. Contributes to platform documentation. Should be developing deep expertise in specific platforms.	Primary mentor for Junior and Entry engineers. Leads training on platform development. Expected to develop team standards. Establishes reputation as GRC technology expert.	Primary mentor for Mid and Junior engineers. Responsible for team career development. Creates GRC engineering training programs. Industry mentorship. Shapes organizational GRC technology practices.	Mentors Senior engineers and emerging leaders. Shapes organizational GRC engineering talent strategy. Develops thought leaders in GRC technology.	Develops organizational technical leadership pipeline. Legacy-building through lasting contributions.	Develops organizational and industry leadership. Legacy-building through generational impact.
Impact Scope	Individual contributor on assigned platform tasks. Impact limited to supporting engineering activities. Work is reviewed before deployment. Supports overall GRC infrastructure.	Directly contributes to GRC platform capabilities. Responsible for reliable automation and reporting. Platform work enables analyst efficiency. Beginning to influence GRC technology practices.	Shapes GRC technology capabilities. Automation directly improves compliance efficiency. Continuous monitoring enables proactive compliance. Platform decisions impact long-term GRC effectiveness.	Defines GRC technology capabilities. Platform decisions impact long-term GRC effectiveness. Team development impacts GRC maturity. Technology innovation enables GRC transformation.	Industry and organizational transformation. Shapes how GRC technology is built. Multi-year strategic outcomes.	Industry-defining impact. Shapes GRC technology globally.	Global industry impact. Defines GRC technology practices worldwide.
Autonomy & Decision Authority	Works under close supervision. Follows established procedures. Limited authority to make configuration changes. Escalates issues to senior engineers.	Works with moderate supervision. Can make routine platform decisions. Authority to manage configurations. Escalates architectural changes.	Works independently with strategic guidance. Makes significant architecture decisions. Authority over platform standards. Consulted on GRC technology investments.	High autonomy with strategic alignment. Makes significant platform and investment decisions. Authority over GRC technology standards. Trusted to represent organization on GRC technology.	Near-complete autonomy over domain. Strategic influence. Shapes investment priorities.	Full autonomy over strategic domain. Executive-level authority.	Complete strategic autonomy.
Communication & Stakeholders	Primarily internal communication with GRC team. Documents configurations. Limited stakeholder interaction.	Regular interaction with GRC analysts and IT teams. Coordinates platform requirements. Participates in planning discussions.	Regular communication with GRC and IT leadership. Presents technical strategies. Primary engineering contact for GRC technology.	Executive-level communication on GRC technology. Represents engineering in GRC strategy. Builds vendor relationships.	C-suite engagement on GRC technology. Industry-wide influence. Vendor leadership relationships.	Peer engagement with executives. Industry-defining thought leadership.	Global presence. Premier industry venues.
Degree / Experience	Bachelor's degree in Computer Science, IT, Information Systems, or related field, OR 1-2 years of IT or GRC platform experience.	Bachelor's degree in relevant field, OR 2-4 years of GRC engineering or IT experience.	Bachelor's degree in relevant field, OR 4-6 years of GRC engineering or IT experience. Demonstrated track record of complex implementations.	Bachelor's or Master's degree in relevant field, OR 6-10 years of GRC engineering experience. Demonstrated program leadership.	Advanced degree often expected, OR 10+ years of elite GRC engineering experience with industry impact.	Advanced degree often present, but recognition is primary. 12+ years of elite experience.	Recognition is primary qualification. 15+ years with transformational impact.
Certifications	Platform-specific certifications CompTIA Security+ SQL certifications ITIL Foundation	Platform certifications Python certifications Cloud certifications helpful ITIL	Multiple platform certifications Cloud architecture certifications Security certifications helpful Data engineering certifications	Multiple advanced certifications Industry recognition often substitutes Platform expert certifications Cloud architecture certifications	Certifications secondary to demonstrated expertise Known by tools and contributions	Certifications irrelevant at this level Known by reputation and contributions	Certifications irrelevant at this level Known by reputation and legacy
Salary: US Gov't	$60,000 - $80,000 (GS-9 to GS-11)	$75,000 - $100,000 (GS-11 to GS-12)	$95,000 - $125,000 (GS-12 to GS-13)	$120,000 - $155,000 (GS-13 to GS-14)	$145,000 - $180,000 (GS-15 / SES equivalent)	$170,000 - $215,000 (Senior SES equivalent)	$190,000 - $250,000+ (Senior SES equivalent)
Salary: US Startup	$68,000 - $92,000	$88,000 - $120,000	$115,000 - $155,000	$150,000 - $200,000 + equity	$185,000 - $255,000 + significant equity	$230,000 - $315,000 + major equity	$275,000 - $390,000+ + founder-level equity
Salary: US Corporate	$65,000 - $88,000	$82,000 - $112,000	$108,000 - $145,000	$140,000 - $185,000	$175,000 - $240,000	$215,000 - $285,000	$260,000 - $350,000+

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Role	Focus	Key Partnerships
Risk Analyst	Risk identification, assessment, quantification, third-party risk	Security Engineering (control implementation), Internal Audit (independent validation)
Compliance Analyst	Framework adherence, audit coordination, evidence management	Internal Audit (validation), Legal (regulatory interpretation)
Governance Analyst	Policy, standards, governance structures, committees	All security functions (policy implementation), Legal (policy review)
GRC Engineer	Platforms, automation, evidence collection, dashboards	All GRC analysts (enabling technology), IT (integrations)

Function	Relationship to GRC
Security Engineering	Implements controls that GRC defines and monitors
Internal Audit	Provides independent validation; GRC is their primary security partner
Legal	Handles privacy regulations (GDPR, CCPA); GRC handles security compliance
Privacy	Often separate function; coordinates closely on overlapping requirements

Sector	Notes
US Government	Based on General Schedule (GS) and Senior Executive Service (SES) pay scales. Actual compensation varies by locality pay area.
US Startup	Reflects venture-backed companies. Equity compensation can significantly increase total compensation.
US Corporate	Reflects Fortune 500 and large enterprise compensation. May include bonus structures of 10-30%+.

🔐 Security Titles

Governance, Risk & Compliance Professional Titles

Risk Analyst

Compliance Analyst

Governance Analyst

GRC Engineer

About This Framework

GRC Role Relationships

GRC Philosophy

Salary Notes

Contributing

Governance, Risk & Compliance Professional Titles

Risk Analyst

Compliance Analyst

Governance Analyst

GRC Engineer

About This Framework

GRC Role Relationships

GRC Philosophy

Related Functions

Salary Notes

Contributing